PMBOK各个过程输入输出关系图

发表于 2016-11-19 更新于 2019-06-07

耗费9个小时，终于做出来了PMBOK5中47个过程和对应的输入输出的关系图。

这个图太大，很难一眼看完。本意是用这个图来从全局的角度看各个文档/子计划的和过程的关系的。

图

源码

此图使用graphviz制作。http://www.graphviz.org/

dot文件如下：

/*
#dot -Tpng integration.dot -o integration.png
*/
digraph Processes{
    graph [nodesep=0.5, ranksep=0.2];
    
    ProjectManagementPlan[label="Project management plan", shape="record"];
    
    subgraph cluster_projectmanagementplan{
    label="Project management plan";
    node[sep="+20", color="#FF0000", style="filled", fillcolor="#FFFFFF"];
    color="#f9f1d5";
    style="filled";
    rankdir="TB";
    
    ProjectManagementPlan[label="Project management plan", shape="point"];
    
    subgraph cluster_scopebaseline{
    label = "Scope Baseline";
    style="filled";
    color="#FFFFFF";
    ScopeBaseline[label="Scope baseline", shape="point" ];
    ProjectScopeStatement[label="Project scope statement", shape="note" ];
    WBS[label="WBS", shape="note" ];
    WBSDictonary[label="WBS dictonary", shape="note" ];
    
    ScopeBaseline -> ProjectScopeStatement -> WBS -> WBSDictonary [color="#FFFFFF"];
    };
    
    ScopeManagementPlan[label="Scope management plan", shape="note" ];
    RequirementsManagementPlan[label="Requirements management plan", shape="note" ];
    StakeholderManagementPlan[label="Stakeholder management plan", shape="note" ];
    ScheduleManagementPlan[label="Schedule management plan", shape="note" ];
    ScheduleBaseline[label="Schedule baseline", shape="note" ];
    HumanResourceManagementPlan[label="Human Resource Management Plan", shape="note" ];
    CostManagementPlan[label="Cost Management Plan", shape="note" ];
    CostBaseline[label="Cost Baseline", shape="note" ];
    QualityManagementPlan[label="Quality Management Plan", shape="note" ];
    ProcessImprovementPlan[label="Process Improvement Plan", shape="note" ];
    CommunicationsManagementPlan[label="Communications Management Plan", shape="note" ];
    RiskManagementPlan[label="Risk Management Plan", shape="note" ];
    ProcurementManagementPlan[label="Procurement Management Plan", shape="note" ];
    
    }
    
    DevelopProjectCharter[label=" | 4.1 Develop Project Charter | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    DevelopProjectManagementPlan[label=" | 4.2 Develop Project Management Plan | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    DirectAndManageProjectWork[label=" | 4.3 Direct and Manage Project Work | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    MonitorAndControlProjectWork[label=" | 4.4 Monitor and Control Project Work | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    PerformIntegratedChangeControl[label=" | 4.5 Perform Integrated Change Control | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    CloseProjectOrPhase[label=" | 4.6 Close Project or Phase | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectStatementOfWork->DevelopProjectCharter[color="#FF0000"];
    BusinessCase->DevelopProjectCharter[aname=tee,color="#FF0000"];
    Agreements->DevelopProjectCharter[color="#FF0000"];
    DevelopProjectCharter->ProjectCharter[color="#FF0000"];
    
    ProjectCharter->DevelopProjectManagementPlan[color="#FF0000"];
    OuputsFromOtherProcesses->DevelopProjectManagementPlan[color="#FF0000"];
    DevelopProjectManagementPlan->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FF0000"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->DirectAndManageProjectWork[color="#FF0000"]
    ApprovedChangeRequests->DirectAndManageProjectWork[color="#FF0000"]
    DirectAndManageProjectWork->Deliverables[color="#FF0000"]
    DirectAndManageProjectWork->ChangeRequests[color="#FF0000"]
    DirectAndManageProjectWork->WorkPerformanceData[color="#FF0000"]
    DirectAndManageProjectWork->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FF0000"]
    DirectAndManageProjectWork->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FF0000"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->MonitorAndControlProjectWork[color="#FF0000"]
    ScheduleForecasts->MonitorAndControlProjectWork[color="#FF0000"]
    CostForecasts->MonitorAndControlProjectWork[color="#FF0000"]
    ValidatedChanges->MonitorAndControlProjectWork[color="#FF0000"]
    WorkPerformanceInformation->MonitorAndControlProjectWork[color="#FF0000"]
    MonitorAndControlProjectWork->ChangeRequests[color="#FF0000"]
    MonitorAndControlProjectWork->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FF0000"]
    MonitorAndControlProjectWork->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FF0000"]
    MonitorAndControlProjectWork->WorkPerformanceReports[color="#FF0000"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PerformIntegratedChangeControl[color="#FF0000"]
    WorkPerformanceReports->PerformIntegratedChangeControl[color="#FF0000"]
    ChangeRequests->PerformIntegratedChangeControl[color="#FF0000"]
    PerformIntegratedChangeControl->ApprovedChangeRequests[color="#FF0000"]
    PerformIntegratedChangeControl->ChangeLog[color="#FF0000"]
    PerformIntegratedChangeControl->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FF0000"]
    PerformIntegratedChangeControl->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FF0000"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->CloseProjectOrPhase[color="#FF0000"]
    CloseProjectOrPhase->FinalProduct[color="#FF0000"]
    CloseProjectOrPhase->OrgnizationalProcessAssetsUpdates[color="#FF0000"]
    AcceptedDeliverables->CloseProjectOrPhase[color="#FF0000"]
    
    ProjectStatementOfWork[label="Project statement of work", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"];
    BusinessCase[label="Business case", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    Agreements[label="Agreements", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    ProjectCharter[label="Project charter", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    AcceptedDeliverables[label="Accepted deliverables", shape=doubleoctagon, style=filled, fillcolor="#A0522D", color="#000000", fontcolor="#FFFFFF"]
    FinalProduct[label="Final product, service, or result transition", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    OrgnizationalProcessAssetsUpdates[label="Organizational process assets updates", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    ProjectDocumentsUpdates[label="Project documents updates", shape=folder, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    ChangeLog[label="Change log", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    ApprovedChangeRequests[label="Approved change requests", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    ChangeRequests[label="Change requests", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    WorkPerformanceReports[label="Work performance reports", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    WorkPerformanceInformation[label="Work performance information", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    WorkPerformanceData[label="Work performance data", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    ValidatedChanges[label="Validated changes", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    ScheduleForecasts[label="Schedule forecasts", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    CostForecasts[label="Cost forecasts", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    Deliverables[label="Deliverables", shape=doubleoctagon, style=filled, fillcolor="#A0522D", color="#000000", fontcolor="#FFFFFF"]
    OuputsFromOtherProcesses[label="Ouputs from other processes", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    
    /* 5. scope */
    PlanScopeManagement[label=" | 5.1 Plan Scope Management | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    CollectRequirements[label=" | 5.2 Collect Requirements | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    DefineScope[label=" | 5.3 Define Scope | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    CreateWBS[label=" | 5.4 Create WBS | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ValidateScope[label=" | 5.5 Validate Scope | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ControlScope[label=" | 5.6 Control Scope | ", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanScopeManagement[color="#000000"]
    ProjectCharter->PlanScopeManagement[color="#000000"]
    PlanScopeManagement->ScopeManagementPlan[color="#000000"]
    PlanScopeManagement->RequirementsManagementPlan[color="#000000"]
    
    ScopeManagementPlan->CollectRequirements[color="#000000"]
    RequirementsManagementPlan->CollectRequirements[color="#000000"]
    ProjectCharter->CollectRequirements[color="#000000"]
    StakeholderManagementPlan->CollectRequirements[color="#000000"]
    StakeholderRegister->CollectRequirements[color="#000000"]
    CollectRequirements->RequirementsDocumentation[color="#000000"]
    CollectRequirements->RequirementsTraceabilityMatrix[color="#000000"]
    
    ScopeManagementPlan->DefineScope[color="#000000"]
    ProjectCharter->DefineScope[color="#000000"]
    RequirementsDocumentation->DefineScope[color="#000000"]
    DefineScope->ProjectScopeStatement[color="#000000"]
    DefineScope->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#000000"]
    
    ScopeManagementPlan->CreateWBS[color="#000000"]
    ProjectScopeStatement->CreateWBS[color="#000000"]
    RequirementsDocumentation->CreateWBS[color="#000000"]
    CreateWBS->ScopeBaseline[color="#000000"]
    CreateWBS->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#000000"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->ValidateScope[color="#000000"]
    RequirementsDocumentation->ValidateScope[color="#000000"]
    RequirementsTraceabilityMatrix->ValidateScope[color="#000000"]
    VerifiedDeliverables->ValidateScope[color="#000000"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ValidateScope[color="#000000"]
    ValidateScope->AcceptedDeliverables[color="#000000"]
    ValidateScope->ChangeRequests[color="#000000"]
    ValidateScope->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#000000"]
    ValidateScope->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#000000"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->ControlScope[color="#000000"]
    RequirementsDocumentation->ControlScope[color="#000000"]
    RequirementsTraceabilityMatrix->ControlScope[color="#000000"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ControlScope[color="#000000"]
    ControlScope->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#000000"]
    ControlScope->ChangeRequests[color="#000000"]
    ControlScope->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#000000"]
    ControlScope->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#000000"]
    
    VerifiedDeliverables[label="Verified deliverables", shape=doubleoctagon, style=filled, fillcolor="#A0522D", color="#000000", fontcolor="#FFFFFF"]
    StakeholderRegister[label="Stakeholder register", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    RequirementsDocumentation[label="Requirements documentation", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    RequirementsTraceabilityMatrix[label="Requirements traceability matrix", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#f9f1d5"]
    
    /* 6. time */
    PlanScheduleManagement[label=" |6.1 Plan Schedule Management| ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#0000FF", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    DefineActivities[label="|6.2 Define Activities|", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    SequenceActivities[label="|6.3 Sequence Activities|", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    EstimateActivityResources[label="|6.4 Estimate Activity Resources|", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    EstimateActivityDuration[label="|6.5 Estimate Activity Duration|", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    DevelopSchedule[label="|6.6 Develop Schedule|", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ControlSchedule[label="|6.7 Control Schedule|", shape="record", style=filled, color=blue, fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanScheduleManagement[color="#0000FF"]
    ProjectCharter->PlanScheduleManagement[color="#0000FF"]
    PlanScheduleManagement->ScheduleManagementPlan[color="#0000FF"]
    
    ScheduleManagementPlan->DefineActivities[color="#0000FF"]
    ScopeBaseline->DefineActivities[color="#0000FF"]
    DefineActivities->ActivityList[color="#0000FF"]
    DefineActivities->ActivityAttributes[color="#0000FF"]
    DefineActivities->MilestoneList[color="#0000FF"]
    
    ScheduleManagementPlan->SequenceActivities[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityList->SequenceActivities[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityAttributes->SequenceActivities[color="#0000FF"]
    MilestoneList->SequenceActivities[color="#0000FF"]
    ProjectScopeStatement->SequenceActivities[color="#0000FF"]
    SequenceActivities->ProjectScheduleNetworkDiagrams[color="#0000FF"]
    SequenceActivities->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#0000FF"]
    
    ScheduleManagementPlan->EstimateActivityResources[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityList->EstimateActivityResources[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityAttributes->EstimateActivityResources[color="#0000FF"]
    ResourceCalendar->EstimateActivityResources[color="#0000FF"]
    RiskRegister->EstimateActivityResources[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityCostEstimates->EstimateActivityResources[color="#0000FF"]
    EstimateActivityResources->ActivityResourceRequirements[color="#0000FF"]
    EstimateActivityResources->ResourceBreakdownStructure[color="#0000FF"]
    EstimateActivityResources->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#0000FF"]
    
    ScheduleManagementPlan->EstimateActivityDuration[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityList->EstimateActivityDuration[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityAttributes->EstimateActivityDuration[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityResourceRequirements->EstimateActivityDuration[color="#0000FF"]
    ResourceCalendar->EstimateActivityDuration[color="#0000FF"]
    ProjectScopeStatement->EstimateActivityDuration[color="#0000FF"]
    RiskRegister->EstimateActivityDuration[color="#0000FF"]
    ResourceBreakdownStructure->EstimateActivityDuration[color="#0000FF"]
    EstimateActivityDuration->ActivityDurationEstimates[color="#0000FF"]
    EstimateActivityDuration->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#0000FF"]
    
    ScheduleManagementPlan->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityList->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityAttributes->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ProjectScheduleNetworkDiagrams->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityResourceRequirements->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ResourceCalendar->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ActivityDurationEstimates->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ProjectScopeStatement->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    RiskRegister->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ProjectStaffAssignments->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ResourceBreakdownStructure->DevelopSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    DevelopSchedule->ScheduleBaseline[color="#0000FF"]
    DevelopSchedule->ProjectSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    DevelopSchedule->ScheduleData[color="#0000FF"]
    DevelopSchedule->ProjectCalendar[color="#0000FF"]
    DevelopSchedule->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#0000FF"]
    DevelopSchedule->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#0000FF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->ControlSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ProjectSchedule->ControlSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ControlSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ProjectCalendar->ControlSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ScheduleData->ControlSchedule[color="#0000FF"]
    ControlSchedule->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#0000FF"]
    ControlSchedule->ScheduleForecasts[color="#0000FF"]
    ControlSchedule->ChangeRequests[color="#0000FF"]
    ControlSchedule->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#0000FF"]
    ControlSchedule->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#0000FF"]
    
    ActivityList[label="Activity list", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ActivityAttributes[label="Activity attributes", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    MilestoneList[label="Milestone list", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ProjectScheduleNetworkDiagrams[label="Project schedule network diagrams", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    RiskRegister[label="Risk register", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ResourceCalendar[label="Resource calendar", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ActivityCostEstimates[label="Activity cost estimates", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ResourceBreakdownStructure[label="Resource breakdown structure", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ActivityResourceRequirements[label="activity resource requirements", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ActivityDurationEstimates[label="Activity duration estimates", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ProjectStaffAssignments[label="Project staff assignments", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ProjectCalendar[label="Project calendar", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ProjectSchedule[label="Project schedule", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ScheduleData[label="Schedule data", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    
    /* 7. Cost */
    PlanCostManagement[label=" |7.1 Plan Cost Management| ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFA500", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    EstimateCosts[label="|7.2 Estimate Costs|", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFA500", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    DetermineBudget[label="|7.3 Determine Budget|", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFA500", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ControlCosts[label="|7.4 Control Costs|", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFA500", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanCostManagement[color="#FFA500"]
    ProjectCharter->PlanCostManagement[color="#FFA500"]
    PlanCostManagement->CostManagementPlan[color="#FFA500"]
    
    CostManagementPlan->EstimateCosts[color="#FFA500"]
    HumanResourceManagementPlan->EstimateCosts[color="#FFA500"]
    ScopeBaseline->EstimateCosts[color="#FFA500"]
    ProjectSchedule->EstimateCosts[color="#FFA500"]
    RiskRegister->EstimateCosts[color="#FFA500"]
    EstimateCosts->ActivityCostEstimates[color="#FFA500"]
    EstimateCosts->BasisOfEstimates[color="#FFA500"]
    EstimateCosts->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FFA500"]
    
    CostManagementPlan->DetermineBudget[color="#FFA500"]
    ScopeBaseline->DetermineBudget[color="#FFA500"]
    ActivityCostEstimates->DetermineBudget[color="#FFA500"]
    BasisOfEstimates->DetermineBudget[color="#FFA500"]
    ProjectSchedule->DetermineBudget[color="#FFA500"]
    ResourceCalendar->DetermineBudget[color="#FFA500"]
    RiskRegister->DetermineBudget[color="#FFA500"]
    Agreements->DetermineBudget[color="#FFA500"]
    DetermineBudget->CostBaseline[color="#FFA500"]
    DetermineBudget->ProjectFundingRequirements[color="#FFA500"]
    DetermineBudget->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FFA500"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->ControlCosts[color="#FFA500"]
    ProjectFundingRequirements->ControlCosts[color="#FFA500"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ControlCosts[color="#FFA500"]
    ControlCosts->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#FFA500"]
    ControlCosts->CostForecasts[color="#FFA500"]
    ControlCosts->ChangeRequests[color="#FFA500"]
    ControlCosts->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FFA500"]
    ControlCosts->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FFA500"]
    
    ProjectFundingRequirements[label="Project funding requirements", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    BasisOfEstimates[label="Basis of estimates", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    
    /* 8 Quality */
    PlanQualityManagement[label=" | 8.1 Plan Quality Management | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#228B22", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    PerformQualityAssurance[label=" | 8.2 Perform Quality Assurance | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#228B22", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ControlQuality[label=" | 8.3 Control Quality | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#228B22", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanQualityManagement[color="#228B22"]
    StakeholderRegister->PlanQualityManagement[color="#228B22"]
    RequirementsDocumentation->PlanQualityManagement[color="#228B22"]
    PlanQualityManagement->QualityManagementPlan[color="#228B22"]
    PlanQualityManagement->ProcessImprovementPlan[color="#228B22"]
    PlanQualityManagement->QualityMetrics[color="#228B22"]
    PlanQualityManagement->QualityChecklists[color="#228B22"]
    PlanQualityManagement->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#228B22"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PerformQualityAssurance[color="#228B22"]
    ProcessImprovementPlan->PerformQualityAssurance[color="#228B22"]
    QualityMetrics->PerformQualityAssurance[color="#228B22"]
    QualityControlMeasurements->PerformQualityAssurance[color="#228B22"]
    ProjectDocuments->PerformQualityAssurance[color="#228B22"]
    PerformQualityAssurance->ChangeRequests[color="#228B22"]
    PerformQualityAssurance->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#228B22"]
    PerformQualityAssurance->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#228B22"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->ControlQuality[color="#228B22"]
    QualityMetrics->ControlQuality[color="#228B22"]
    QualityChecklists->ControlQuality[color="#228B22"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ControlQuality[color="#228B22"]
    ApprovedChangeRequests->ControlQuality[color="#228B22"]
    Deliverables->ControlQuality[color="#228B22"]
    ProjectDocuments->ControlQuality[color="#228B22"]
    ControlQuality->QualityControlMeasurements[color="#228B22"]
    ControlQuality->ValidatedChanges[color="#228B22"]
    ControlQuality->ValidatedDeliverables[color="#228B22"]
    ControlQuality->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#228B22"]
    ControlQuality->ChangeRequests[color="#228B22"]
    ControlQuality->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#228B22"]
    ControlQuality->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#228B22"]
    
    QualityMetrics[label="Quality metrics", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    QualityChecklists[label="Quality checklists", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    QualityControlMeasurements[label="Quality control measurements", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ProjectDocuments[label="Project documents", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ValidatedDeliverables[label="Validated deliverables", shape=doubleoctagon, style=filled, fillcolor="#A0522D", color="#000000", fontcolor="#FFFFFF"]
    
    /* 9. Human Resource */
    PlanHumanResourceManagement[label=" |9.1 Plan Human Resource Management | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#6A5ACD", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    AcquireProjectTeam[label="|9.2 Acquire Project Team |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#6A5ACD", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    DevelopProjectTeam[label="|9.3 Develop Project Team |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#6A5ACD", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ManageProjectTeam[label="|9.4 Manage Project Team |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#6A5ACD", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanHumanResourceManagement[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ActivityResourceRequirements->PlanHumanResourceManagement[color="#6A5ACD"]
    PlanHumanResourceManagement->HumanResourceManagementPlan[color="#6A5ACD"]
    
    HumanResourceManagementPlan->AcquireProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ActivityResourceRequirements->AcquireProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    AcquireProjectTeam->ProjectStaffAssignments[color="#6A5ACD"]
    AcquireProjectTeam->ResourceCalendar[color="#6A5ACD"]
    AcquireProjectTeam->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#6A5ACD"]
    
    HumanResourceManagementPlan->DevelopProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ProjectStaffAssignments->DevelopProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ResourceCalendar->DevelopProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    DevelopProjectTeam->TeamPerformanceAssessments[color="#6A5ACD"]
    DevelopProjectTeam->EnterpriseEnvironmentalFactorsUpdates[color="#6A5ACD"]
    
    HumanResourceManagementPlan->ManageProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ProjectStaffAssignments->ManageProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    TeamPerformanceAssessments->ManageProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    IssueLog->ManageProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    WorkPerformanceReports->ManageProjectTeam[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ManageProjectTeam->ChangeRequests[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ManageProjectTeam->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ManageProjectTeam->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#6A5ACD"]
    ManageProjectTeam->EnterpriseEnvironmentalFactorsUpdates[color="#6A5ACD"]
    
    IssueLog[label="Issue log", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    TeamPerformanceAssessments[label="Team performance assessments", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    EnterpriseEnvironmentalFactorsUpdates[label="Enterprise environmental factors updates", shape=component, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    
    /* 10. Communications */
    PlanCommunicationsManagement[label=" |10.1 Plan Communications Management | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FF00FF", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ManageCommunications[label="|10.2 Manage Communications |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FF00FF", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ControlCommunications[label="|10.3 Control Communications |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FF00FF", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanCommunicationsManagement[color="#FF00FF"]
    StakeholderRegister->PlanCommunicationsManagement[color="#FF00FF"]
    PlanCommunicationsManagement->CommunicationsManagementPlan[color="#FF00FF"]
    PlanCommunicationsManagement->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FF00FF"]
    
    CommunicationsManagementPlan->ManageCommunications[color="#FF00FF"]
    WorkPerformanceReports->ManageCommunications[color="#FF00FF"]
    ManageCommunications->ProjectCommunications[color="#FF00FF"]
    ManageCommunications->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FF00FF"]
    ManageCommunications->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FF00FF"]
    
    CommunicationsManagementPlan->ControlCommunications[color="#FF00FF"]
    ProjectCommunications->ControlCommunications[color="#FF00FF"]
    IssueLog->ControlCommunications[color="#FF00FF"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ControlCommunications[color="#FF00FF"]
    ControlCommunications->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#FF00FF"]
    ControlCommunications->ChangeRequests[color="#FF00FF"]
    ControlCommunications->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FF00FF"]
    ControlCommunications->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FF00FF"]
    
    ProjectCommunications[label="Project communications", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    
    /* 11. Risk */
    PlanRiskManagement[label=" |11.1 Plan Risk Management | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFFF00", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    IdentifyRisks[label="|11.2 Identify Risks |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFFF00", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    PerformQualitativeRiskAnalysis[label="|11.3 Perform Qualitative Risk Analysis |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFFF00", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    PerformQuantitativeRiskAnalysis[label="|11.4 Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFFF00", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    PlanRiskResponses[label=" |11.5 Plan Risk Responses | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFFF00", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ControlRisks[label=" |11.6 Control Risks | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#FFFF00", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanRiskManagement[color="#FFFF00"]
    ProjectCharter->PlanRiskManagement[color="#FFFF00"]
    StakeholderRegister->PlanRiskManagement[color="#FFFF00"]
    PlanRiskManagement->RiskManagementPlan[color="#FFFF00"]
    
    RiskManagementPlan->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    CostManagementPlan->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    ScheduleManagementPlan->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    QualityManagementPlan->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    HumanResourceManagementPlan->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    ScopeBaseline->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    ActivityCostEstimates->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    ActivityResourceRequirements->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    StakeholderRegister->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    ProjectDocuments->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    ProcurementDocuments->IdentifyRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    IdentifyRisks->RiskRegister[color="#FFFF00"]
    
    RiskManagementPlan->PerformQualitativeRiskAnalysis[color="#FFFF00"]
    ScopeBaseline->PerformQualitativeRiskAnalysis[color="#FFFF00"]
    RiskRegister->PerformQualitativeRiskAnalysis[color="#FFFF00"]
    PerformQualitativeRiskAnalysis->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FFFF00"]
    
    RiskManagementPlan->PerformQuantitativeRiskAnalysis[color="#FFFF00"]
    CostManagementPlan->PerformQuantitativeRiskAnalysis[color="#FFFF00"]
    ScheduleManagementPlan->PerformQuantitativeRiskAnalysis[color="#FFFF00"]
    RiskRegister->PerformQuantitativeRiskAnalysis[color="#FFFF00"]
    PerformQuantitativeRiskAnalysis->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FFFF00"]
    
    RiskManagementPlan->PlanRiskResponses[color="#FFFF00"]
    RiskRegister->PlanRiskResponses[color="#FFFF00"]
    PlanRiskResponses->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FFFF00"]
    PlanRiskResponses->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FFFF00"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->ControlRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    RiskRegister->ControlRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ControlRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    WorkPerformanceReports->ControlRisks[color="#FFFF00"]
    ControlRisks->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#FFFF00"]
    ControlRisks->ChangeRequests[color="#FFFF00"]
    ControlRisks->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#FFFF00"]
    ControlRisks->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#FFFF00"]
    
    ProcurementDocuments[label="Procurement Documents", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    
    /* 12. Procurement */
    PlanProcurementManagement[label=" |12.1 Plan Procurement Management | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#DA70D6", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ConductProcurements[label="|12.2 Conduct Procurements |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#DA70D6", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ControlProcurements[label="|12.3 Control Procurements |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#DA70D6", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    CloseProcurements[label="|12.4 Close Procurements |", shape="record", style=filled, color="#DA70D6", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanProcurementManagement[color="#DA70D6"]
    RequirementsDocumentation->PlanProcurementManagement[color="#DA70D6"]
    RiskRegister->PlanProcurementManagement[color="#DA70D6"]
    ActivityResourceRequirements->PlanProcurementManagement[color="#DA70D6"]
    ProjectSchedule->PlanProcurementManagement[color="#DA70D6"]
    ActivityCostEstimates->PlanProcurementManagement[color="#DA70D6"]
    StakeholderRegister->PlanProcurementManagement[color="#DA70D6"]
    PlanProcurementManagement->ProcurementManagementPlan[color="#DA70D6"]
    PlanProcurementManagement->ProcurementStatementOfWork[color="#DA70D6"]
    PlanProcurementManagement->ProcurementDocuments[color="#DA70D6"]
    PlanProcurementManagement->SourceSelectionCriteria[color="#DA70D6"]
    PlanProcurementManagement->MakeOrBuyDecisions[color="#DA70D6"]
    PlanProcurementManagement->ChangeRequests[color="#DA70D6"]
    PlanProcurementManagement->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#DA70D6"]
    
    ProcurementManagementPlan->ConductProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ProcurementDocuments->ConductProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    SourceSelectionCriteria->ConductProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    SellerProposals->ConductProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ProjectDocuments->ConductProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    MakeOrBuyDecisions->ConductProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ProcurementStatementOfWork->ConductProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ConductProcurements->SelectedSellers[color="#DA70D6"]
    ConductProcurements->ProcurementAgreements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ConductProcurements->ResourceCalendar[color="#DA70D6"]
    ConductProcurements->ChangeRequests[color="#DA70D6"]
    ConductProcurements->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#DA70D6"]
    ConductProcurements->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#DA70D6"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->ControlProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ProcurementDocuments->ControlProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ProcurementAgreements->ControlProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ApprovedChangeRequests->ControlProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    WorkPerformanceReports->ControlProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ControlProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ControlProcurements->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#DA70D6"]
    ControlProcurements->ChangeRequests[color="#DA70D6"]
    ControlProcurements->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#DA70D6"]
    ControlProcurements->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#DA70D6"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->CloseProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    ProcurementDocuments->CloseProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    CloseProcurements->ClosedProcurements[color="#DA70D6"]
    
    ProcurementStatementOfWork[label="Procurement statement of work", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    SourceSelectionCriteria[label="Source selection criteria", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    MakeOrBuyDecisions[label="Make-or-buy decisions", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ProcurementAgreements[label="Agreements", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    SellerProposals[label="Seller proposals", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    SelectedSellers[label="Selected sellers", shape="pentagon", style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    ClosedProcurements[label="Closed procurements", shape=note, style=filled, color=gray, fillcolor="#EFEFEF"]
    
    /* 13. Stakeholder */
    IdentifyStakeholders[label=" |13.1 Identify Stakeholders | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#EE82EE", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    PlanStakeholderManagement[label=" |13.2 Plan Stakeholder Management | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#EE82EE", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ManageStakeholderEngagement[label=" |13.3 Manage Stakeholder Engagement | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#EE82EE", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    ControlStakeholderEngagement[label=" |13.4 Control Stakeholder Engagement | ", shape="record", style=filled, color="#EE82EE", fillcolor="#E0FFFF"]
    
    ProjectCharter->IdentifyStakeholders[color="#EE82EE"]
    ProcurementDocuments->IdentifyStakeholders[color="#EE82EE"]
    IdentifyStakeholders->StakeholderRegister[color="#EE82EE"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->PlanStakeholderManagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    StakeholderRegister->PlanStakeholderManagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    PlanStakeholderManagement->StakeholderManagementPlan[color="#EE82EE"]
    PlanStakeholderManagement->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#EE82EE"]
    
    StakeholderManagementPlan->ManageStakeholderEngagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    CommunicationsManagementPlan->ManageStakeholderEngagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    ChangeLog->ManageStakeholderEngagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    ManageStakeholderEngagement->IssueLog[color="#EE82EE"]
    ManageStakeholderEngagement->ChangeRequests[color="#EE82EE"]
    ManageStakeholderEngagement->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#EE82EE"]
    ManageStakeholderEngagement->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#EE82EE"]
    
    ProjectManagementPlan->ControlStakeholderEngagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    IssueLog->ControlStakeholderEngagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    WorkPerformanceData->ControlStakeholderEngagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    ProjectDocuments->ControlStakeholderEngagement[color="#EE82EE"]
    ControlStakeholderEngagement->WorkPerformanceInformation[color="#EE82EE"]
    ControlStakeholderEngagement->ChangeRequests[color="#EE82EE"]
    ControlStakeholderEngagement->ProjectManagementPlan[color="#EE82EE"]
    ControlStakeholderEngagement->ProjectDocumentsUpdates[color="#EE82EE"]

}

javascript 控制浏览器的前进后退操作

发表于 2016-09-30 更新于 2019-06-07

在单页面应用中，为了利用浏览器的后退/前进按钮，可以通过改变地址栏为#foo 和 onhashchange 事件一起来控制。但这有个缺点：在一个树形网站结构中点来点去时，浏览器并不会按照我们需要的返回上一级，而只是返回前一个看的页面，特别是在提交表单后，点返回又到了表单页。

HTML5提供了一种解决办法，可以通过window.history.pushState等方法来实现。

下面是例子：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="viewport"  content="width=device-width"/>
<style type="text/css">
    #content div{text-align:center; padding-top:20px;}
</style>
<script>
    var visitHistory = [];
    var currentPage = null;
 
    window.onload = function() {
        var homePage = {"id":"index", params:{}}; //id是主要部分，不同类型页面不重复；params用于记录页面需要的参数，方面返回时重新描画页面用
        window.history.pushState(visitHistory, homePage, "#");
        gotoPage(homePage);
    }
 
    function gotoPage(page){
        for(var i = 0; i < visitHistory.length; i++){
            if(visitHistory[i].id == page.id){
                //exists, delete items after this
                while(visitHistory.length > i){
                    visitHistory.pop();
                }
                currentPage = null; //如果进入已存路径上页面，则当前页面不用保存了
                break;
            }
        }
 
        if(currentPage != null){
            visitHistory.push(currentPage);
        }
        currentPage = page;
 
        window.history.replaceState(visitHistory, page.id, "#");
        showPage(page);
    }
 
    window.onpopstate = function() {
        if (visitHistory.length > 0) {
            currentPage = visitHistory.pop();
            window.history.pushState(visitHistory, currentPage.id, "#"); // + pg);
            showPage(currentPage);
        } else {
            //No "history" - let them exit or keep them in the app.
            showMessage("no history, exit or leave with no action.");
 
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 这个是具体的描画页面的函数，根据需要改写
     * page参数类型时JSON，例如：{"id":"index", params:{}}
     */
    function showPage(page){
        var id = page.id;
        document.getElementById("title").innerHTML = id;
        var pathHTML = '<a href="javascript:gotoPageId(\'index\')">Home</a> &gt; ';
        var contentHTML = '<div style="border:1px solid #999;background-color:#DDD;width:200px;height:50px;border-radius:5px;" onclick="gotoPageId(\'1\');">goto 1</div>';
 
        if(id == "1"){
            pathHTML += '<a href="javascript:gotoPageId(\'1\')">1</a>  ';
            contentHTML = '<div style="border:1px solid #999;background-color:#DDD;width:200px;height:50px;border-radius:5px;" onclick="gotoPageId(\'1.1\');">goto 1.1</div>';
        }else if(id == '1.1'){
            pathHTML += '<a href="javascript:gotoPageId(\'1\')">1</a> &gt; ';
            pathHTML += '<a href="javascript:gotoPageId(\'1.1\')">1.1</a>  ';
            contentHTML = '<div style="border:1px solid #999;background-color:#DDD;width:200px;height:50px;border-radius:5px;" onclick="gotoPageId(\'1.1.1\');">goto 1.1.1</div>';
        }else if(id == '1.1.1'){
            pathHTML += '<a href="javascript:gotoPageId(\'1\')">1</a> &gt; ';
            pathHTML += '<a href="javascript:gotoPageId(\'1.1\')">1.1</a> &gt; ';
            pathHTML += '<a href="javascript:gotoPageId(\'1.1.1\')">1.1.1</a>  ';
            contentHTML = 'no child page.';
        }
 
        document.getElementById("path").innerHTML = pathHTML;
        document.getElementById("content").innerHTML = contentHTML;
 
        showMessage("showPage---" + id);
    }
 
    /**
     * 这个函数是供showPage函数例子中链接用的，实际根据需要写或不写
     */
    function gotoPageId(id){
        gotoPage({"id":id, "params":{}});
    }
    /**
     * window.history.pushState 不会触发onHashChange事件了，下面这个函数/事件无意义
     */
    window.onhashchange = function(){
        document.getElementById("addressbar").innerHTML = "hashchange:" + window.location.href;
    }
    /**
     * 供测试用的函数
     */
    function showMessage(msg){
        document.getElementById("msg").innerHTML += "<br>" + msg;
    }  
</script>
</head>
<body>
    <h1 id="title" style="text-align:center;">none</h1>
    <div id="path"></div>
 
    <div id="content" style="padding:20px;">
    </div>
 
    <div id="msg" style="border:1px solid #333;margin:10px; min-height:300px">
    </div>
    <div id="addressbar" style="border:1px solid #666">none</div>
 </body>

IOS 9以上开始支持（IOS8不支持）

java.util.Timer无故被cancel掉的可能原因

发表于 2016-08-19 更新于 2019-06-07

遇到一个Timer某些情况下会自动被cancel掉，再次schedule TimerTask时会抛出java.lang.IllegalStateException: Timer already cancelled. 程序中并无timer.cancel()的调用。最后发现是TimerTask执行时发生未被捕获的异常导致，例如下段代码肯定会出问题。

import java.util.*;
 
public class TestTimer{
     
    public static void main(String[] argvs) throws Exception{
        Timer timer = new Timer(true);
        timer.schedule(new MyTimerTask(), 1); //1毫秒后执行 MyTimerTask
 
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        timer.schedule(new MyTimerTask(), 1); //这里会抛出 java.lang.IllegalStateException: Timer already cancelled.；因为执行上一个TimerTask时异常导致Timer结束了
    }
}
 
class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {
     
    public void run() {
        //下面这句会导致运行此TimerTask的Timer被cancel掉
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }
}

在ubuntu 16.x.x 安装多个tomcat

发表于 2016-06-04 更新于 2019-06-07

下载tomcat tgz文件
解压缩到某目录，例如 /web/tomcats/tomcat1
进入/lib/systemd/system 目录
创建一个 tomcat-1.service文件

[Unit]
Description=Apache Tomcat Web Application Container [tomcat """"""""1]
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking

Environment=JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle
Environment=CATALINA_PID=/web/tomcats/tomcat1/temp/tomcat.pid
Environment=CATALINA_HOME=/web/tomcats/tomcat1
Environment=CATALINA_BASE=/web/tomcats/tomcat1
Environment” =’CATALINA_OPTS=-Xms512M -Xmx2048M -server -XX:+UseParallelGC’
Environment=’JAVA_OPTS=-Djava.awt.headless=true -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom’

ExecStart=/web/tomcats/tomcat1/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/web/tomcats/tomcat1/bin/shutdown.sh

User=www-data
Group=www-data
UMask=0007
RestartSec=10
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=xxx #【注意，如果有这行，不要和其他的服务重复】

创建服务

执行下面的命令

1	suduo systemctl link /lib/systemd/system/tomcat-1.service

上面这句会在/etc/systemd/system下给前面编辑的文件创建一个连接

1	sudo systemctl enable tomcat1

上面这句设置此服务自动随机器启动而启动

重启systemd

1	sudo systemctl daemon-reload

启动tomcat

1	sudo systemctl start tomcat1

设置自动启动

1	sudo systemctl enable tomcat1

注意目录权限，注意server.xml配置端口不要重复

重启可以用如下命令

1	sudo systemctl restart tomcat1

每周定期发布新版本的版本管理策略

发表于 2015-09-23 更新于 2019-06-07

今年开始在团队内使用新的版本管理策略，以便达到每周定期发布的模式。以前按功能发布，经常有大功能需要几周开发，并行的小功能需要几天，而导致小功能需要等大功能开发测试完毕才能发布，拖延了一些重要功能，不适合互联网开发模式。新的版本策略每周定期发布新版本，只发布已经测试完毕的功能，未经过测试的留待以后发布。

工具

使用git做版本管理【必须】
redmine作为开发+测试（不含测试用例管理）的日常工具【可选】
pmwiki管理文档【可选】

分支策略

下图是一个简单地分支模型，当多个项目有公共的部分时，master, prerelease分支要有对应的多份。

develop分支，开发的主干分支，所有开发以此分支为基础且只有开发完毕的功能才会提交到此分支。每天会自动从develop取出程序发布到测试服务器，形成nightly version，供提前测试发现问题。
master 是发布到生产环境的版本。
prerelease仅仅在测试开始时才创建，测试完成后删除。
feature_x在开发新功能时创建，功能开发完毕后删除。
当有新功能需要开发时：
1. 创建一个feature_xx分支，xx以功能的名字命名（注意不要用中文，中文会导致redmine出问题）
2. 其他开发人员checkout此分支，大家日常提交代码到此分支
3. 开发人员每日从feature_xx拉取其他人（共同开发此feature_xx功能的同事）提交的代码，也要从远程develop分支合并到本地（图中#1，合并后不提交到远程服务器），这是为了避免最后合并冲突麻烦。
4. 开发完成后，合并代码到develop分支，并删除feature_xx分支
需要发布新版本前
1. 确认需要发布的功能都已经提交到develop分支后，从develop分支创建prerelease分支
2. 测试prerelease分支
3. 如果有bug则在prerelease分支修改，改后合并到develop分支，注意千万不要在develop分支修改，改后合并到prerelease分支，这样会把其他人提交的东西也合并到prerelease分支；如果bug被允许在后续版本中修复，则bug另建feature分支修改
4. 测试通过后，提交prerelease分支到master分支，并打TAG标记（标签采用前缀+日期+序号形式）。之后删除prerelease分支
  从master分支提取代码部署到生产环境
当生产环境发现重要bug，需要紧急修复时
1. 如上图#3红色节点
2. 从master分支checkout出对应的代码，修复后测试通过提交到对应的master分支，并形成下一个TAG和生产环境发型版本。
3. 提交修复到develop分支
4. 如果存在prerelease分支，则提交到prerelease分支。（不存在prerelease分支时，不需要此步骤）
测试组一般工作在prerelease分支上，开发组一般在feature（开发期间）和prerelease（测试期间）工作
紧急修复时测试和开发都在hotfix上工作

Commit Message

每次提交都必须写Commit Message，不要写无意义的信息。
提交内容和redmine有关联时，要关联redmine上对应的问题编号，例如：
- 修改了101号问题，耗时3个半小时，但没有全部完成则可按照如下格式写refs #101 @3h 30m {中文注释}
- 如果101号问题修改完毕，则用fixed关键字开头 fixed #101 @2h {中文注释}
- 时间只写此次提交内容花费的修改时间，redmine会自动累加。
- 中文注释写解决问题的技术实现办法，不用描述问题本身，因为问题已经在redmine上有说明。

开发测试日常工作流程

周一确定一周开发内容
周一~周二测试上周发布到release分支的内容，并修改bug
周三发布到生产服务器
开发人员在周五完成本周开发内容后提交到develop分支，周五下班前提交到release分支。
release log，每周从周一开始记录直至发布

注：上述流程看上去程序员会同时做很多事，开发、修改bug等等，其实大部分时间这些不是并行，因为每周要发布的内容中不是包含所有程序员的工作，可能一个程序员负责的部分2周甚至更长时间才有新功能发布一次。

GlusterFS同步文件

发表于 2015-09-22 更新于 2019-06-07

glusterfs可以用来给同步两台机器（或更多）做文件镜像，而且是所有节点都在线可用得实时热备份。

安装

1	apt-get install glusterfs-server

即可完成安装，也有glusterfs-client可用。

配置Gluster节点

先在2个机器的hosts文件里加入类似的域名指向，以便后面使用
【以下方案仅限于2台主机同步，3台不可行】

1 2	192.168.1.10 node1 192.168.1.11 node2

注意：文件里不要有127.0.0.1 node1这样的行（如果node1和机器名重名会出现此现象）

在node1上运行

1	gluster peer probe node2

在node2上运行

1	gluster peer probe node1

之后可以使用下面的命令查看状态

1	gluster peer status

配置镜像的卷

实际使用中应该用一个单独的逻辑分区，此处仅仅是使用了一个目录
在两个机器上都分别运行下面命令创建一个目录。（不要使用已经存在的目录）

1	mkdir /home/gluster-test

然后在任意一台机器上运行

1 2	gluster volume create gv0 replica 2 node1:/home/gluster-test node2:/home/gluster-test force gluster volume start gv0

注意force是因为使用root用户创建，gluster建议不用root创建。命令在任意一个机器上运行后，另外一个机器会自动同步。

如果出现

volume create: gv0: failed: /home/gluster-test or a prefix of it is already part of a volume

或类似的错误信息，可以用如下命令删除文件后，重新再运行 gluster volume create

1
2
3

setfattr -x trusted.glusterfs.volume-id /home/gluster-test
setfattr -x trusted.gfid /home/gluster-test
rm -rf /home/gluster-test/.glusterfs

如果没有setfattr，可以通过 apt-get install attr 来安装。

可以使用 gluster volume info 查看上述卷状态。

注意：卷创建成功后，不要去修改/home/gluster-test目录下地任何文件、目录等（如果是单独分区，不mount最好）

挂载gluster的卷

在需要使用文件的机器上执行：

1	mount -t glusterfs node1:/gv0 /mnt

此命令会把上一步骤创建的卷挂载到/mnt目录下，以后可以访问/mnt目录，读写文件。文件会自动同步到node1,node2的节点。

如果不需要访问，只供备份的节点可以不用此步骤。

在/etc/fstab文件里加入如下行，可以避免每次启动都要手工mount，可自动mount

1	node1:/gv0 /web glusterfs defaults,nobootwait,_netdev 0 0

注意一共6部分，空格区分，每部分之间不要有空格

参考

http://gluster.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Quick-Start-Guide/Quickstart/

redmine和git集成

发表于 2015-03-21 更新于 2021-04-13

安装redmine

1	apt-get install redmine redmine-pgsql apache2 libapache2-mod-passenger apparmor

如果安装过程后自动启动的配置出错，可以随时使用如下命令启动配置redmine的进程

1	dpkg-reconfigure -plow redmine

安装完后配置remine，在Apache的000-default.conf中映射
在/web/htdocs(网站根目录）下创建一个连接

1	ln -s /usr/share/redmine/public redmine

在apache 0000-default.conf中加入（也可在其他部分）

<Directory /web/htdocs/redmine>
  RailsBaseURI /redmine
  PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot on
</Directory>

之后可以用

1	service restart apache2

重启apache，并在浏览器输入 http://localhost/redmine/ 查看是否已经成功。

如果出现类似如下错误：

Web application could not be started
cannot load such file -- bundler/setup (LoadError)
  /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
  /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
  /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/loader_shared_helpers.rb:245:in `block in run_load_path_setup_code'
  /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/loader_shared_helpers.rb:348:in `running_bundler'
  /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/loader_shared_helpers.rb:243:in `run_load_path_setup_code'
  /usr/share/passenger/helper-scripts/rack-preloader.rb:100:in `preload_app'
  /usr/share/passenger/helper-scripts/rack-preloader.rb:158:in `<module:App>'
  /usr/share/passenger/helper-scripts/rack-preloader.rb:29:in `<module:PhusionPassenger>'
  /usr/share/passenger/helper-scripts/rack-preloader.rb:28:in `<main>'
Application root
/usr/share/redmine
...

可能是ruby 没有安装bundle所致，用如下命令安装

1	gem install bundle

安装好后，要把目录权限修改下

1	chown -R nobody:nogroup /usr/share/redmine

注意上面的nobody nogroup是apache用户和组

安装 git

1	apt-get install git-core

配置

创建redmine用的仓库镜像

在/var/lib/redmine下创建一个repos目录，也可以放其他地方。

cd /var/lib/redmine
mkdir repos
git clone --mirror /home/git/projects/test.git  
chown -R git:git test.git

注意：不需要单独创建项目的.git目录，git clone会自动创建。

修改mirror里地权限设置

1
2
3

cd /var/lib/redmine/repos/test.git
chmod a+rX -R ./
git config --add core.sharedRepository 644

以上设置是为了确保redmine程序对这里有读取的权限。

如果redmine访问时出现「404 版本库中不存在该条目和（或）其修订版本。」提示，那么可能是上述配置没有加好。

在redmine中登记仓库镜像位置

进入redmine对应的项目->配置->版本库，选择新增版本库
SCM选择Git，库路径处输入 /var/lib/redmine/repos/test.git，并设置其他项目最后保存。（注意：如果用的docker redmine，这里要填写的路径是docker内的路径，不要写成宿主机的路径，一般是存在宿主机上，通过docker -v参数映射给docker访问，这是就是映射的目录+仓库目录了）

从redmine里版本库标签看到的是master分支的源码，可以前后到其他标签，如果默认想看其他标签的，例如develop分支

1 2	cd /var/lib/redmine/repos/test.git git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/develop

这样默认就是develop分支了

git commit message 和 redmine issue 关联

以后push到git server的更新，commit message中有 #101 字样的提交会被自动关联到101号问题。

例如：

fixed bug #101 @1h30m

如果需要自动更改问题状态，请在管理->配置->版本库处设置关键字。

设置git仓库，收到提交后自动更新redmine用镜像

通过设置hooks 来实现

1	cd /home/git/projects/test.git/hooks

创建post-receive文件，文件内容

1
2
3

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/git push --mirror /var/lib/redmine/repos/test.git
curl "http://127.0.0.1/redmine/sys/fetch_changesets?key={apikey}" &

apikey在redmine 管理->配置->版本库下面，选中“启用用于版本库管理的WebService”，然后生成一个API key。并把生成的key拷贝到这里。

1 2	chmod 755 post-receive chown git:git post-receive

登记耗时不成功的可能原因

如果在 git commit message 中写的耗时不被记载入redmine，可能是以下几个原因

在版本库配置「在提交信息中引用和解决问题」处，记录的活动选择了「默认」，而枚举值设置中，「活动（时间跟踪）」没有设置默认值
提交的用户和项目中设置的开发人员不匹配，git提交的用户，用户名和邮箱需要和项目中开发人员对应的账号匹配

Eclipse + JDK 8 + Mac OS 中文文件名乱码

发表于 2015-01-05 更新于 2019-06-07

在Mac OS上 Java 8, Eclipse从CVS上取回的中文文件名（目录）乱码，导致无法和windows下的eclipse共享。

可以通过修改 eclipse.ini(在Eclipse.app/Content/MacOS目录下）在最后增加一行

1	-Dfile.encoding=GBK

来解决。

我估计在windows的eclipse的eclipse.ini中增加
-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8
也可以解决，只要两边保持一致即可。

解决这个问题涉及到已经在CVS里存的目录、文件是什么编码的。

最后：增加-Dfile.encoding=GBK后，eclipse 默认的workspace encoding就不是UTF-8而是GBK了，需要去eclipse->preferences->General->Workspace->Text file encoding中修改一下。

从剪贴板粘贴图片

发表于 2014-10-29 更新于 2019-06-07

部分浏览器支持直接从剪贴板粘贴图片到HTML编辑器内，不同浏览器处理方式有差异。

chrome

document.onpaste = function(event){
  var items = (event.clipboardData || event.originalEvent.clipboardData).items;
  console.log(JSON.stringify(items)); // will give you the mime types
  var blob = items[0].getAsFile();
  var reader = new FileReader();
  reader.onload = function(event){
    console.log(event.target.result)}; // data url!
    reader.readAsDataURL(blob);
    //upload to the server here.....................
}

Firefox

firefox粘贴比较简单，直接贴出来的是base64后的代码, 例如：

1	<img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAAN..................................." />

避开Android警告'Nested weights are bad for performance'

发表于 2014-10-18 更新于 2019-06-07

Eclipse 提示Warning “Nested weights are bad for performance”

原因很简单：父子元素都使用了 android:weight=1属性。

最好的解决办法，不要嵌套使用android:weight属性。可以通过RelativeLayout布局替代LinearLayout布局来改善原有代码。 RelativeLayout的layout_toRightOf , layouttoLeftOf等一起用可以达到充满剩余空间的效果。

如果使用RelativeLayout仍旧无法达到效果，想不显示waring可以：

add to the root of your layout: xmlns:tools=”http://schemas.android.com/tools”. Then in your buttons add tools:ignore=”NestedWeights”

另外tools:ignore=”UselessParent”可以去掉提示两级元素多余（This LinearLayout layout or its FrameLayout parent is possibly useless; transfer the background attribute to the other view）的警告。

Reference: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/19636323/nested-weights-are-bad-for-performance-in-my-xml-code

使用SystemUiHider时，全屏的Layout必须加android:keepScreenOn=”true”属性，非全屏模式下的空间增加android:fitsSystemWindows=”true”不可颠倒，错误可能会出现非全屏模式下控件布局占用android占用系统虚拟键位置导致被遮挡的现象